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I. OSTROG-OVIOH.

AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No. 281,788. Patented July 24, 1883.

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(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 2.

V P. OSTROGOYIGH. AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

No. 281,788. Patented July 24, 1883.

WITNESSES:

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AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

No. 281,788. Patented July 24, 1883.

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(No Model.)

P. OSTROGOVIOH. AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

Patented July 24, 1883.

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, AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No. 281,788. Patented July 24,1883. 8

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AUTOMATIC PRINTINGTELEGRAPH. No. 281,788. Patented July 24', 1883.

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9 Sheets-Sheet 9. F. OSYTROGOVIGH.

AUTOMATIC PRINTING TELEGRAPH.

(No Model.)

Patented July 24, 1883.

I A H .88 @QQQ INVENTURI I AT T EST fmmw @uWW W U I passed beneath a series of pins or fingers, which UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCESCO OSTROGOVICH, OF FLORENCE, ITALY, ASSIGNOR TO SOCIETE SECONDO ROOS AND FRANCESCO OSTROGOVICH, OF SAME PLACE.

AUTOMATIC PRINTING-TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 281,788, dated July 24, 1883.

Application filed April 17, 1882. (No model.) Patented in France January 22, 1882; in England February 4, 1882, N0. 559; in Belgium February 13, 188 2 in Austria-Hungary February 15, 1882; in Germany February 21, 1882. and in Italy March 17, 1882.

To all whom itmay concern:

Be it known that LFnancnsoo Osrnoeowon, a resident of Florence, Italy, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Printing-Telegraphs, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is the subject of applications for patents in France, filed January 22, 1882 5 ,in Belgium, filed February 13, 1882; in Germany, filed February 21, 1882; in Austria-Hungary, filed February 15, 1882; and in Italy, filed in March, 1882 5 and of English Patent N o. 559, dated February 4, 1882.

The object of my invention is to render a printing-telegraph of the Hughes type capable of operating at an increased speed, or rather of causing it to print more letters in the same interval of time, without increasing the velocity of the typewheel, and' without shortening the duration of the electric impulse. In other words, I seek to insure the operation of the machine to its full capacity without being dependent upon the skill in fingering of the operator. To this end I provide for an automatic transmission through the medium of a punched or perforated strip of paper which is drawn through the instrument at the transmitting-station, and which determines the succession of the electric impulses over the line. This strip is previously perforated in accordance with the particular message to be sent, and, in transmitting, is

act through its perforations and effect an electrical connection between two contacts on .a distributer, and when these contacts are reachedbyapair of points onacarriage, which are in connection with the respective poles of the battery, the current flows, and the printing mechanism is set in operation in time to print the character which corresponds to the particular pair of contacts on the distributer which have been thus connected together.

- My invention consists, also, in certain improvements in the mechanism of the instru ment, all as will be fully hereinafter described.

The accompanying drawings illustrate my invention! Figure 1 is a plan of my printing-telegraph instrument on a small scale. Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan on a larger scale. Fig. 3 is a front elevation, partly broken away and partly in section, cut in the plane of the line 3 3 in Figs. 1, 2, 9, and 10. Fig. 4. is a vertical section cut on the line 4 4 in Figs. 1, 2, 9, and 10, and looking from the front. Fig. 5 is a vertical section, looking from the front, cut mainly in the plane of the lines 5 5 in Figs. 1 and 2, and showing the distributer and carriage in diametrical cross-section. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary detail'view, lo oking from the rear, and partly in section, cut in the plane of the lines 6 6 in Figs. 2, 9, and 10. Fig. 7 is afragmentary rear elevation, partly in section, out along the line 7 7 in Fig. 2. Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the operation of certain of the parts, which are supposed to be viewed from the front. Fig. 9 is afragmentary horizontal section, cut in the plane of the lines 9 9 in Figs. 3, 4., and 10. Fig. 10 is a vertical section of a detail, cut in the plane of the line 10 10 in Figs. 2, 4, and 9. Fig. 11 is a similar view, showing the same parts in adifierent position.

Figs. 12 and 13 are front and side elevations of two slides detached. Fig. 14. is an inverted plan of the distributer, partly in horizontal section, cut in three distinct planes, as denoted by the lines 14*, 14", and 14. in Fig. 15. Fig.

15 is a cross-section of the distributer and carriage disconnected. Figs. 14 and 15 together constitute a diagram showing the local circuit. Figs. 16 and 17 show the connection of the transmitting and receiving stations, Fig. 16 being a diagram of the former and Fig. 17 of the latter. Fig. 18 is a plan of a machine for perforating the strips of paper. Fig. 19 is a front view of a portion thereof; and Fig. 20 is a vertical section thereof, viewed from one side. Figs. 14, 15, 18, 19, and 20 are on a small scale, corresponding to Fig. 1.

My instrument is, as I have said, of the Hughes type, employing a continuously-revolving type-wheel, and the transmitting and receiving instruments being driven synchronously, the deviation of the latter being cor- 5 rected at each impression or signal.

The most important and distinctive feature of my invention is the means for automatically transmitting the signals by means of a perforated strip of paper but as this cannot readily be explained except in connection with the remaining mechanism, Iwill first describe the latter, referring principally to Figs. 1 to 5.

M is the type-wheelshaft, which is revolved at a uniform sp eedusually twice p er second and I is the continuously-revolving printingshaft, which is geared to it (see Fig. 1) in the proportion, usually, of seven to one, making, therefore, fourteen revolutions per second.

I is the intermittently-revolving printingshaft in line with the shaft I, and driven therefrom, one revolution at a time, through the clutch G. This clutch is best shown in Figs. 2 and 5, and consists of a finely-serrated wheel,- G, fixed on the front end of the shaft 1, and a pawl, G pivoted to an arm, G,which is fixed on the rear end of the shaft I. The pawl G is pressed toward the wheel G by a spring, but at the position of waiting it is held away from the wheel by a fixed cam, G", in the rear, which engages a pin, G projecting rearwardly from the pawl. The pressure of the spring, acting through the pawl on the in clined surface of the cam G, tends to turn the arm G in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5; but this movement is prevented by the arm Gr resting 011 a stop-lever, G.

E is a polarized electro-magnet, the armature E of which is normally attracted to its poles; but when a current passes through its coils in such direction as to neutralize its attraction the armature is released, and a spring, E pressing back against the upper arm of the armature-lever E, tilts the latter, and its 'is moved first forward and then back.

arm E, in flying backward, strikes (through an adjusting-screw, E the end of the stop lever G, and throws the latter back out from under the arm G. The arm G instantly descends, the pawl G drops into the teeth of the wheel G, and the shaft I is thereby car-- ried around one revolution, at near the completion of which the clutch is disconnected by the pin G striking the top of the fixed cam G, and at the completion of the revolution the arm G. strikes the stop-lever G, which has meanwhile resumed its original position. The armature is brought back in contact with the magnet by a lever, H, the free end of which is fitted with a pin, which enters an endless spiral groove, H, on the shaft I, (see Fig. 2,) so that as the shaft rotates the lever H The upper end of the-arm E projects up through a slot in this lever, and when the lever is moved forward the rear side of this slot strikes this arm and moves it forward, thus releasing the arm Gf, which moves forward to its original position under the impulse of a spring, (not shown,) and also moving the armature back against the magnet, where it remains, as by this time the neutralizing-current has ceased to flow.

Figs. 2 to 5 show the apparatus in theposition of waiting for a signal, the shaft I being stationary, while the shafts M and I are rc volving. The shaft M carries two type-wheels, R and It, instead of one, as in the Hughes apparatus. One of these wheels-for instance, Rcarries the letter-types on its periphery, and may be called the letter-wheel, while the otherfor instance, Rbears the types for printing numerals, punctuation -marks, and other signs, and may be called the figure-wheel. 7

I have shown in the drawings an apparatus proportioned to correspond to triple alphabets on' the type-wheels, and I will so describe it, it being understood that I use the word alphabet to signify aseries of twenty-eight or other predetermined number of letters, figures, or other characters to be printed, with the sunken spaces or blanks. Each type-wheel therefore has its periphery divided into three equal parts, and each of these parts is again divided into twenty-eight equal parts, making eighty-four parts on the entire periphery of the wheel. On each third part of each wheel are arranged the twentysix types and two blanks, constituting one alphabet. The three alphabets on each wheel are alike, their characters following each other in the same succession, and the six blanks on the letter-wheel correspond in position to the six blanks on the figure-wheel, so that when any blank on either wheel is in the printing position th e corresp onding blank on the other wheel is abreast of it.

The two wheels R R are both fixed on a sleeve, R which is mounted freely on the shaft M, and the correction-wheel J is fixed 011 its rear end. This wheel has eighty-four V-shaped notches on its periphery, as best shown in Fig. 6, which correspond in spacing with the eighty-four spaces 011 the type wheels. A gear-wheel, K, which is mounted freely on the shaft M, and is driven by a pinion, L, on the free shaft I, bears on its rear side seven like hammers, N N, equally spaced, and formed each with a tooth which can enter into any of the notches on the wheel J. During, or the instant before, the impression, a cam, P, on the shaft I strikes one of the hammers, and forces it toward the correctionwheel, as shown in Fig. 6, thereby bringing this wheel to the proper position, if it has been running too fast or too slow. hen the cam has passed, the hammer is forced away from the correction-wheel by its spring (Z.

The impression is produced by a tooth or cam, Q, (shown in Figs. 2 and 4,) which vibrates an elbow-lever, Q, the horizontal arm of which carries the impression-roller r, which revolves freely on a stud or pin, 0", Fig. 9, fixed on the end of the lever. The lever is acted on by a spring, 1, Figs. 2 and 4, which draws the impression-roller away from the typewheel after each impression, and the retractile play of the lever is adjusted by a screw, 0', Fig. 4, by which. regulation a clean im esrnss pression may be secured. With the proportions shown it is necessary to effect the impression in one eighty-fourth of a revolution of the type-wheel usually in the one hundred and sixty-eighth part of a second-and hence the cam Q must act quickly and the parts must be nicely adjusted. I11 order to place three alphabets on the typewheels, I necessarily makethe wheels ofgreater diameter than heretofore, and the impressionroller 1" must consequently be made of small diameter in order to effect a distinct impression. The strip of paper uponwhich the message is printed passes through the machine from right to left, as denoted by the dotted line 7 1" in Fig. 3, and is fed by rollers Z Z. 011 the printing-shaft I is a tooth, k, (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3,)which at each revolution enters one of the notches in the periphcry of a wheel, j, which is notched after the manner of the Maltese-cross wheel used in Swiss watches, so that it is held from turning except when turned bythe tooth k. The wheel is fixed on the shaft bearing thev roller Z, which is finely fluted or grooved to bite the strip of paper, which is pressed against it bya freelyturning roller, Z. At each revolution of the shaft I, and just after the impression of the letter from the typewheel is effected, the tooth 70 turns the wheel j one space, and the roller Z draws the paper forward farv enough to make room for the printing of v the next letter.

Instead of arranging the characters on the type-wheels in their ordinaryalphabetic or other succession, I transpose them in such manner that those which most commonly follow each other in use are arranged on thetypewheels at such successive intervals as enable them to be printed immediately one after the other. The most useful arrangement willdiffer somewhat for different languages; but it is possible to discover a mean which is well adapted to the languages in most common use. By this arrangement of the characters I effect an important economy of time, more letters being printed, on the average, to each revo lution of the type wheel than heretofore. Two arrangements which, with the triple arrangement of alphabets already described, give very remarkable results areas follows:

First method: For the letter type-wheel the arrangement is: letter-blank, (used for spacing between words while printing from the letter-wheel,)EAOHXYJZQMLDST R N C G; figure-blank, (used for shifting from theletter to the figure wheel, WV 13 V F K I U I. For the figure type-wheel the arrangement is:

letter-blank, (used for shifting to the letterwheel,)9%EO1'FUQR:3, 4? 5 figure-blank, (used for spacing while printing from this wheel,) 6 7 2 8 at. These alphabets are twice repeated on each wheel.

' Second method: For the letter type-wheel the arrangement is: letter-blank, EA 0 H X Y J Z Q M L T S R N O D G, figure-blank,

W' B V F K P U I. For the figure type-wheel;

the arrangement is: letter-blank, 9 E 0 1 2 T U Q R z 3 4 7 8 00. These are also twice repeated on each wheel.

Owing to my arrangement of part of the characters on one wheel'and part on a second wheel, it is necessary to provide for shifting the impression roller r from one wheel to the other, in order to print always the desired character on the strip of paper. This shifting is accomplished at the blanks. Whileprinting from theletter-wheel, if it is desired to make a space between two words, the impression is effected at either ofthe three letter-blanks; but ifit is desired to shift to th e figure-wheel the impression is effected at either of the three figureblanks. Conversely, when printing from the figure-wheel, an impression at a figure-blank will simply feed forward the paper and make a blank space, but an impression at either letterblank will shift the i1 npression-roller to the letter-wheel. For this purpose I have provided mechanism shown in detail in Fig. 6 and Figs. 8 to 13. On the back of the correction-wheel are fixed six radial arms, a n n a, which all project to the same distance from the center, and the ends of which are each no wider than one eighty-fourth of the circumference of the circle which they describe. The three arms 02 n rotate all in the same plane, which is slightly in therear of the plane in which the arms n a rotate, as seen in Fig. 2. The three arms a a are spaced each one-third of a revolution apart, and are arranged relatively to the typewheels so that they correspond exactly to the three letter-blanks on each wheel. The arms at n n correspond in the same manner to the three figure-blanks on the type-wheels. The number of these arms depends of course on the number of alphabets on the type-wheels.

A small shaft or arbor, q,'is arranged at the right, and on it is freely mounted a pinion, m, which meshes with the gear K. This pinion is twice the diameter of the pinion L, and hence makes. a half-revolution each time the shaft I is coupled and revolved. On the rear face of this pinion two slides, and p, are arranged, crossing the pinion diametrically, and slotted to admit the arbor q through them. They are shown detached in Figs. 12 and 13. In Figs. 9, 10, and 11 they are shown connected with the pinion, the parts being shown in these figures in the position of waiting for a signal-thc same as in Figs. 2 to 5. The slides then stand vertically and both coincide. The slide 1) is arranged in the rear and stands in the same plane as the arms a a, while the slide 1; is in front and stands in the plane of the arms a n. The points 8 s of the slides are no wider than the ends of the arms at a. l The slide 1) bears two teeth, a a, which project toward the front, and the slide 1) has two teeth, a a, which project farther to the front than the teeth a u, and are notched out at 0 0, Fig. 12, just opposite the ends of the teeth u a, as seenin Fig.

10. A sleeve, t, is feathered on the arbor q,

(see Fig. 4,) and is free to slide back and forth thereon a short distance. At its rear end is a flange, (shown in section in Fig. 8,) which consists of two ratchet-teeth, t t, which come within the hollow of the pinion m, and in position to be engaged by the teeth a a or a a.

Beneath the sleeve t is a fixed wedge or double-inclined plane, 00, and 011 the sleeve are fixed two screws or other points, '1), Fig.

9, set diametrically opposite each other and on opposite sides of the wedge ac. This sleeve t and slides 9 19 form a clutch to effect the coupling of the pinion m to the arbor q whenever it is necessary to shift the impression from one type-wheel to the other.

On the front portion of the arbor q is cut a back-and-forth spiral groove, q, which is engaged by a pin or screw, z, fixed 011 a nonrotative sliding sleeve, z,which is mounted on the arbor q, and is connected by an arm, 2, with the impressioirroller 1'.

The parts are shown in Figs. 2, 9, and 10 in the position to print from the letter typewheel R. The sleeve t is in its forward position, so that its teeth t are in the plane of the teeth a a on the slide 1), but are free from the teeth a a on the slide 1). The slides p 1) project to an equal extent each side of the axis,

(their ends describing the circle 1' inFig. 8 as they revolve,) and the teeth a u do not engage the teeth 25 2%. As each character is printed the pinion m makes a halfrevolution, but it is not coupled to the arbor q, and the latter is held from revolving by the spring 20 engaging one of the notches w w, as shown in Fig. 3. When a blank space is to be left between two words, the impression is effected while one of the letter-blanks 011 the type-wheel is over the impression-roller 1-, and in this movement one of the arms it strikes the end 8 of the slide 0 and displaces this slide, as seen in Fig. 6. By referring to Fig. 10 it will be seen that the displacement of this slide will not effect an e11- gagement with the teeth t, for these are located in front of the plane of the teeth a a; hence the pinion m will not be coupled to the arbor q, and the only result will be that the strip of paper will be fed along one space, receiving no impression; but when it is desired to change, and print figures, (or other types on the wheel R,) the impression is effected at one of the figureblanks,-in which movement one of the arms a displaces the slide 12, as shown in Fig. 8, thereby causing the upper tooth u to move into the way of the ratchet-tooth t, as shown, whereupon the sleeve t, and with it the arbor q, are carried around with the pinion until the latter oompletes'its movement, at which time the displaced slide p is restored to its normal position by a plate, 3 and so releases itself from the sleeve t, and the sleeve and arbor complete their half-revolution, under the combined influence of momentum and the action of the spring 10, until stopped by the latter in the correct position, with the teeth t it standing obliquely, as shown, ready for the next engagement. The sleeve 25, in turning half around, is moved back by the fixed wedge 00, so that its teeth t 25 stand in the plane of the teeth a u. The arbor q, in turning half around, moves the slide 2 to the rear, and the arm z pushes the roller 1 along on its pin 1" until it stands beneath the type-wheel R, so that the next character that is printed will be from this wheel. Fig. 11 shows the parts in this position. If, now,,either arm n, corresponding to either letter-blank, should encounter the end of the slide p, the impression would be shifted back to the letter-wheel R.

For setting the instrument to the startingblank, I have provided the mechanism shown in Figs. 2 and 7. A lever, T, is fulerumed on a sleeve, S, which is freely mounted 011 the shaft M. This lever is normally moved back, as shown in Fig. 2, and the type-wheels and correction-wheel are normally coupled to the shaft M bya pawl, cl, on the correction-wheel, which engages a serrated wheel, T, fixed on the shaft M. The lever T bears an inclined plate, (F, and from the back of the pawl there projects a pin, (1 To stop the type-wheels at the starting-blank, the operator pulls the lever T forward with his hand, and the next time the pawl (1 comes around its pin d strikes the in cline on d", and is moved out of engagement with wheel T, and the pin d then strikes the upper part of d, and the correction-wheel is stopped, as shown in Fig. 7. The shaft I bears an inclined cam, f which, when the shaft next revolves, strikes an inclined projection, f, on the lever T, and throws back the lever, thereby again coupling the type-wheels to the shaft M.

I will now describe the means provided for effecting therapid transmission of the signals or letters by means of the strip of perforated paper. This paper is perforated by a machine, which I will presently describe, with nine longitudinal rows of holes.

The holes in the central row are equidistant, and serve only as a cog-rack to prevent the paper from slipping while it is being drawn through the instrument. A wheel, P, Fig. 3, has radially-projecting pins, which engage these holes, and which is moved one tooth at each printing impression, by means hereinafter explained. The other eight rows of holes accomplish the transmitting. The holes in these rows are punched in varying order, depending on the character to be transmitted. In each transverse row there are punched the central cog-hole and two transmitting-holes. Each transverse row transmits one character, the one transmitted depending upon in which longitudinal rows the two transmitting-holes are punched. The twenty-eight characters of each alphabet are represented by twenty-eight different combinations or permutations made from the eight rows, two by two. The paper moves through a guideway underneath a comb, B, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, consisting of eight points or pins, spaced to correspond to the eight transmitting rows of holes. These pins are pressed down by springs, and have bearends of eight conducting-levers, c 0, Figs. 3'

and 14, which are pressed against the paper by light springs, Fig. 3. It is evident that whenever the comb B is down two of its points will pass through the two transmitting-holes in the paper and will press downwardly upon the corresponding levers, ,while the other siX pins will be upheld by the intervening paper.

Each of theeight levers c 0, when depressed, makes contact with a corresponding spring, and each spring a is electrically connected with the corresponding one of eight bindingposts, ff, as shown in Fig. 14, each of which posts is electrically connected with the corresponding one of eight conducting-rings, e e, in

a stationary distributer, D, of insulating material. (Shown in inverted sectional plan in Fig. 14, and in cross-section in Figs. 5 and 15.)

In the upper side of this distributer is formed a cylindrical cavity, in which rotates a cylinder, 1), which I will call the carriage, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5. This carriage is mounted on a shaft, M, which is geared by miter-gears to the shaft M, and makes one revolution to each revolution of the type-wheels.

In the periphery of the cavity in the dis tributer D are set two rows of conducting-contacts, b b, twenty-eight in each row,- the contacts in one row being set opposite those in the other. These fifty six contacts 22 b are connected, through an equal number of conducting-bars b b and spokes e e, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, with the eight rings 6 6, seven contacts to each ring, in such manner that twenty-eight different combinations are formed. The carriage D bears two conducting-points, g 9, Fig. 5, insulated from each other, pressed out by springs, and arranged to each traverse one of the rows of contacts b b. Two springs, h h, establish communication between the points 9 g and the two poles of the battery 0. Thus the two'points g represent the positive and negative poles, and while they are touching any pair of contacts I) b they may send a current from one contact to the other, if the two contacts are electrically connected with each other. This can only occur by the depression of two levers, c c, and

only one of the twenty-eight pairs of contacts can thus be connected together at any one time, corresponding to one of the twenty-eight characters constituting one alphabet. If, for instance, the two levers c a marked 00 w in Fig. 14 are depressed, the two corresponding springs c c are connected together, and through the intervening wires, 00 w, the two rings a a: e w are connected. Of the seven contacts I) I) connected to'each of these rings only one is arranged in a pair with one or the other ring, and this pair may be assumed to be the contacts 00 x in Fig. 15. The points '9 g traverse the successive pairs of contacts in the distributer without effect until they reach this pair of contacts as a, and through these and their intervening connections the current passes, as may be clearly traced in Figs. 14 and 15. tween the springs h handthe battery the electro-magnet E is connected, and when the currentpasses thus the armature is released, and the printing-shaft I is consequently coupled to the shaft I. This action occurs only at the transmitting-station, the current lasting only an instant, while the points 9 g are passing over the one pair of contacts I) b. The shaft I then performs one revolution, the character corresponding in position on the type-wheel printed from to the particular pair of contacts b I) through which the current has passed is impressed on the receiving strip of paper, the. comb B is lifted above the transmitting strip of paper by the cam B both strips of paper are then fed forward one space, andthe comb B descends again, two of its pins passing down through holes in the paper and depressing the corresponding levers c 0, ready for the next operation.

The transmission tothe line is effected by the device shown in Fig. 5, which consists of a key, A, playing between adjustable contact points or springs an, and normally pressed against spring a by a tension-spring, a". The key A is connected with one pole of the bat tery O, and the spring a is connected to conducting-spring h, so that the local current, when flowing as already described, traverses key A andspring a. As soon, however, as the magnet Ehas done its work of coupling the shaft I to the shaft I, and the shaft I commences its revolution, a cam, A, fixed 011 it depresses an arm, A", which is connected to the'key A, and so vibrates the latter, lifting its end oh the spring a and into contact with the spring a, which is connected to the line through a switch or commutaton Thus a current is sent over the line, as shown in Fig. 16, which actson the magnet E at the receiving-station, Fig. 17, and which continues during almost the entire revolution of the shaft I, since the cam A constitutes nearly an entire circle. At the end of the revolution the point of the arm A drops into the notch in the cam, thereby again closing the local circuit, and preparing for the next operation. I thus insure a long duration for the current passing over the line, which is highly desirable.

I have shown in Figs. 16 and 17 a simple arrangement of circuits, which will serve to illus trate the principle of my invention. A simple switch, W, is shown as the commutator for controlling the circuits, the distributer, carriage, and battery at the receiving-station be ing thus shunted out of circuit.

I have described the action of the distributer as though each type-wheel bore only one al- In the circuit be c I V carcass phabet of twenty-eight characters, spaced to correspond with the twenty-eight pairs of con tacts b 1).. Inasmuch as each type-wheel bears three such alphabets, it would seem that the distributer should be correspondingly provided with eighty-four pairs of contacts, or else that the carriage should be geared -to rotate three times as fast as the type-wheels; but as neither of these methods is convenient, I have adopted the expedient of providing the car riage D with three pairs of conducting-points, g g, equally spaced, as shown in Fig. 1, which has the same effect. Thus while the two contacts b b of one pair are electrically connected together and waiting for the passage of the current, the current will pass to them through.

whichever pair of points 9 g first passes them, and the character will be printed from whichever of the three alphabets corresponds in position to that particular pair of points. my means of automatic transmission I am enabled to work the instrument always to its utmost capacity, and by thus multiplying the alphabets upon the type-wheels I still further increasethe speed of transmission, by enabling more characters to be printed at each. revolution of the type-wheels.

Instead of three alphabets, two or more in number may be adopted, it being understood that the number of pairs of points 9 9 must equal the number of alphabets, and that the correcting-wheel J and arms a 12, must be made to correspond with the type-wheels. As with the proportions shown the printing and other operations are performed during one-seventh of the revolution of the type-wheels, it is impossible to employ more than seven alphabets and seven pairs of points on the carriage, and in practice it is not found advantageous to employ more than five.

The movement of the wheel I at the proper time is accomplished through the medium of a gear-wheel, U, fixed on the notched wheelj, and meshing with a gear-wheel, U, on the shaft of the wheel P, so that every time the receiving strip of paper is drawn along after each impression, the transmitting-strip is also moved forward.

It is evident that if, from any cause, the automatic apparatus does not act, there is no printing and no feeding forward of the perforated paper for the next character. The paper. will then remain stationary until the apparatus does act and effects the transmission. The omission of any letter is thus rendered impossible. Nevertheless, as errors from various causes are to be apprehended, it is necessary to be able to suspend the automatic transmission for a time at will. I provide for this purpose a cam-lever, Y, (shown in Figs. 2 and 3,) which engages a lever, Y, Figs. 1 and 2, and, while transmitting by the automatic means, holds it pressed back, Fig. 2, and so keeps in engagement a clutch, V, which couples the wheel U to the shaft carrying the feed-wheel P.

In order to disconnect the automatic mechanism, the lever Y should be moved. to the right, whereupon its inclined plane 10 releases the lever Y, which is pressed forward by its spring and disconnects the clutch, rendering the feed-wheel 1? inert. At the same motion a cam-surface, w, on the lever Y encounters a pin, B on the lever B and lifts the comb B out of contact with the paper strip, and a camsurface, 20, presses a spring, X, against two contact-points, m m, which are connected to the binding-posts ff in whatever combination has been determined upon to represent the starting-blank, by which the transmitting and receiving apparatus are caused to start alike.

It is necessary, also, to be able to transmit by hand when the automatic apparatus is dis engaged. For this purpose it is, strictly speaking, only necessary to provide eight finger-keys and contact-springs, connected, re spectively, to the eight posts f f in the same manner as the levers c c and springs 0 0,- but as this would require of the operator a knowledge of all the different combinations employed, so that he may be able to press in always the two keys necessary to transmit the desired character, I prefer to provide a keyboard with twentyeight keyssuch as is shown in Fig. 18so that the depression of but one key will effect the proper closures corresponding to the character belonging tothat key.

For properly perforating the strip of paper I employ, by preference, the instrument shown in Figs. 18,19, and '20. The paper, as it comes from its reel, is carried across a perforated plate having a transverse row of nine holes, (shown in Fig. 18,) back of which are arranged nine pins or punches, K K, (shown in Fig. 13,) which are normally pressed back by springs z" i. Each of these punches rests at its back end on one of nine rectangular levers, F F, Fig. 20, which levers are or may be fulcrumed on an axis, F, parallel to the length of the strip of paper. Back of and crossing these levers are twenty-eight levers, O G, each of which, at its end remote from the strip of paper, bears akey or button, 0. Twentysix of these buttons are marked each with the two characters to which it corresponds on the two type-wheels, and the two remaining but tons are for the letter-blank and the figureblank. Each lever C has three teeth, 0 a", formed on its side against the levers F F, one tooth against each of three of said levers. The middle of these teeth 0" on all the levers O is arranged to come against the middle lever F, so that at every depression of any of the buttons 0 a hole will be punched through the paper in the middle or cog row. The two other teeth 0 are differently arranged 011 the twenty-eight levers C, so'as to come against different levers F, and so work different punches K, and punch the paper with twentyeight different combinations, as before described. At the pressing in of each button 0 the paper is punched with three holes in a IIO transverse row, and it is then moved forward to be punched in the next transverse row.

The feeding mechanism for moving forward the paper is shown in 19, where O is a shaft bearing a wheel, U having points to engage the cog row of holes in the paper, and a ratchet-wheel, U, having 'as many teeth as there are points on the wheel U. A lever, which is raised at each punching, carries a pawl, which engages the ratchet-wheel and rotates it and the wheel U the distance of one tooth. The shaft 0 also bears a correcting wheel, to determine its stoppage at regular intervals and retain it in position.

It is evident that, instead of the twenty-eight levers C, but eight levers need be used, one connected to each of the eight punches for the transmitting-holes, and all working the central punch and the feeding apparatus; but this would require of the operator aknowledge of the combinations, so that he might always press the two proper keys.

I have assumed in this specification that alphabets of twenty-eight characters were used, and have described the instrument as correspondingly proportioned; but it is evident that other numbers may be substituted, in which case the proportioning of the parts would be correspondingly altered.

I do not limit myself to the details of construction which I have herein so specifically described, although I consider them the best for carrying out my invention.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure to my assignee, the Socrnrn Snoonno Boos and FRANCESCO OSTROGOVIOH, by Letters Patent, is as follows:

l. The combination, to form atransmitter for a printing-telegraph, of a series of circuit-closing keys, a series of contacts on a distributer in electrical connection with said keys, and a carriage bearing a contact point or points traversing said contacts synchronously with the revolution of the type-wheels, substantially as I for carrying forward a paper strip between said comb B and levers c a, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a series of contacts, means, substantially as described, controlled by a perforated strip of paper, for electrically con-.

necting any one of said contacts to any other thereof, a double series of contacts greater in number than the first and electrically connected therewith, according to as many'different combinations as there are different characters 011 the type-wheel, a pair of conductingpoints adapted to be connected with opposite poles of abattery, and revolved so as'to traverse said double series of contacts, and close 4. In a printing-telegraph, the combination of a type-wheel bearing two or more alphabets in like succession, an automatic circuit-closing device, consisting of a distributer having as many pairs of contacts as there are characters in one alphabet, and a carriage revolving synchronously with the type-wheel, and bearing one or more pairs of contact-points arranged to traverse the contacts in said distributcr in the same succession in which the corresponding characters on the type-wheel assume the printing position, substantially as Set forth.

5. In a printing-telegraph, the combination of two type-wheels mounted on the same shaft, the correction-wheel, one ormore arms or projections thereon, a pinion geared to the printi-ng mechanism so as to rotate at each impression, a coupling brought into operation by said arms on the correction-wheel, for coupling said pinion to its arbor during a halfrevolution, and the impression-roller connected to said arbor and shifted from one type,

wheel to the other at each halfrevolution of said arbor, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of two type-wheels, A A, their shaft M, correction-wheel J, teeth a a thereon, gear-wheel K, pinion m on arbor q, gearing therewith, coupling for connecting said pinion with its arbor, operated by slides 12 p thereon, double spiral groove q, sleeve 2, and impression-roller 1', connected to said sleeve so as to be moved longitudinally thereby, substantially as set forth.

7 The combination of the type' wheel shaft, the correction-wheel having peripheral angular notches, a wheel mounted freely on said shaft, driven from the printing-shaft at each rotation of the latter at the same speed as the correction-wheel, and bearing hammers whose points are adapted to enter the notches on the correction-wh eel, but are normally pressed out therefrom, and a' cam on or driven from the printing-shaft, and arranged to strike one of said hammers and press it against the correction-wheel at each impression, substantially as set forth.

S. In a printing -telegraph apparatus, a clutch for coupling the printing-shaft I to the shaft 1 during one revolution, which consists in the combination, with said shafts, of a ser-.

rated wheel, G, fixed on the shaft I, an arm, G fixed on the shaft I, a pawl, G", pivoted to said arm, andhaving a projection, G, a fixed arm, G, a stop-lever, 'G, and its actuating electro-magnet connected to said stoplever, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of shaft M,type-wheelsR It, ratchet-wheel T in connection therewith,

upon the starting of the printing-shaft, and for maintaining the current upon the line during nearly the entire revolution of this shaft, sub stantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANCESCO OSTROGOVIOH.

Vitnesses:

R0131. M. HooPnR, CHARLES MARDELET. 

